« 966 Bees in the Shade | Main | The Freedom to Lie, Cheat, and Steal »

30 de Abril, 2007

The Bee at the Heart of the World

Categorized under Ciencia | Tags:

YESTERDAY, I posted on bees. Of course they have been on my mind lately because of the widespread phenomenon that is being called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). If you haven't read about it, there is a mysterious dying out of bees taking place all over North America, and concentrated in Califas. This is very important, because our entire food chain depends on bees pollenating various flowers.

It sounds like something out of a Science Fiction novel, but in this case we are talking about reality. For some reason, honeybees are vanishing from their hives at an alarming rate. One beekeeper lost 2,000 of his 3,000 hives this spring, and the problem has spread to 24 different states in the United States The problem is called Colony Collapse Disorder, and right now no one knows what is happening.

How Colony Collapse Disorder works, fortwayne.com

Everything is connected. This is not a paradigm of thought encouraged in the USA, for obvious reasons. Well, for what I think are obvious reasons. If we were taught to think in this way, it would be impossible to make walls of "borders" that physically manifest (the falsity and failure of) this idea in so many places—from Israel to Mexico to Baghdad. It would become impossible to continue to exploit other humans under the guise of "Free Markets" and "Guest Workers," and a million other angles that keep the great American elitist pyramid in place.

Typical "Western" thought involves compartmentalizing, and inventing false polarities with which we can conveniently blind ourselves to those parts of reality we find uncomfy. But despite our self-imposed delusional state, everything is connected and all things, no matter how small, are crucial to the whole. Colony Collapse Disorder is a perfect example of this truth.

The cross-pollinating they're doing while collecting the nectar is worth millions of dollars. There's value in the honey, sure. But the real value of bees is what they do for [...] plants."

John Tardie, former president of the Vermont Beekeepers Association

What do bees do for plants?

Bees play an integral role in the world food supply, and are essential for the pollination of over 90 fruit and vegetable crops worldwide, with the economic value of these agricultural products placed at more than $14.6 billion in the U.S. In addition to agricultural crops, honey bees also pollinate many native plants within the ecosystem. Recently, the increased deaths in bee colonies due to CCD seriously threaten the ability of the bee industry to meet the pollination needs of fruit and vegetable producers in the U.S.

Bee Colony Collapse Disorder Investigation, ccnmag.com

So what is going on?

There are a few theories. At first, one was that cell phones were causing this unprecedented rash of bee death. This idea seems to be losing steam.

A study by German scientists linking cell phones to a worldwide honey bee die-off might not be as credible as first thought, researchers said recently.

The study, conducted by scientists at Landau University in Germany, found honey bees refused to return to their hives when mobile phones were placed inside or nearby.

But Dennis Van Englesdorp of the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, who was involved in the initial research and publication of the Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) study, was skeptical of the cell phone findings. So he contacted Professor Herman Stever, who was involved in the cell phone study, and had his suspicions confirmed.

Stever explained to Van Englesdorp the cell phone study was 'specifically not related (to) the massive losses of bees around the world lately.'

Researchers doubt bee theory's credibility, eveningsun.com

Others comment on this theory, and claim that due to the lack of radio towers in some locales where CCD is occurring, it is not a viable one.

Radiation transmitted by cell towers: The distribution of both affected and nonaffected colony collapse disorder apiaries does not make this a likely cause. Also, cell phone service is not available in some areas where affected commercial apiaries are located in the West. For this reason, it is not a top priority.

Colony collapse disorder FAQs, columbiamissourian.com

Some suspect that Frankencorn (or Genetically Modified Corn—GMO corn) may be the culprit.

Although scientists are unsure of the actual cause, there are a few common suspects.

Genetically Modified Organism (GMOs) - Mono-culture based foods like wheat and corn have contributed to honeybee malnutrition. Monsantos Triple Hybrid GM corn can be linked to bee deaths as far back as 2005.

Bt Toxin is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis in an dormant form (protoxin). It becomes active (delta-endotoxin) in the bodies of certain insects, which in turn kills them. Bt Maize (corn) and BT Cotton are commonly produced with this toxin in the U.S., Europe, as well as several other countries. Bees cannot distinguish between conventional plants and GMO plants, so they are being affected in recorded numbers.

Massive Honey Bee Wane Threatens World Crops, infoshop.org

As it is such an important crisis, a group of scientists has formed to investigate it.

Responding to the alarm, scientists from academia, state and federal agricultural agencies, private companies and even the Department of Defense have formed the Colony Collapse Working Group. [CCWG]. After conferences last week in Beltsville, their investigators fanned out to tackle the scientific puzzle.

Empty hives, baltimoresun.com

But it seems that the CCWG has already ruled a few possibilities out, one of them GMO crops.

Q: What are examples of topics that the Colony Collapse Disorder Working Group is not currently investigating?

A: Genetically modified organism crops: Some GMO crops, specifically Bt Corn, have been suggested as a potential cause of colony collapse disorder. While this possibility has not been ruled out, colony collapse disorder symptoms do not fit what would be expected in Bt-affected organisms. For this reason GMO crops are not a “top” priority at the moment.

Colony collapse disorder FAQs, columbiamissourian.com [full pdf from original source, maarec.cas.psu.edu]

A popular suspicion of what might lie at the root of this problem is that a virus, pathogen, or fungus is responsible. The CCWG is lending particular credence to this angle:

Dr. Lipkin and his team at the Greene Lab and Northeast Biodefense Center are investigating whether there are new or reemerging pathogens responsible for CCD. Many pathogens have the ability to impair the immune defenses of their hosts. While none of the known pathogens in CCD bees have been identified as having immunosuppressive abilities, the team is working to identify all microbes and viruses associated with CCD colonies and anticipate isolating many new pathogens not previously associated with bees.

'We have developed tools to provide comprehensive, differential diagnosis of infectious diseases, including those caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites,' stated Dr. Lipkin, director of the Greene Infectious Disease Laboratory at the Mailman School’s Department of Epidemiology. 'These tools provide unique opportunities to rigorously address the challenges of pathogen surveillance and discovery in a situation such as this one.'”

Bee Colony Collapse Disorder Investigation, ccnmag.com

Yet others blame the confluence of many factors in bringing this moment about.

Some apiary-industry insiders speculate that bees could be stressed to their breaking point by being trucked about in big rigs and fed sugar water. 'They are locked up in hives moving thousands of miles across the country. They can't take cleansing flights. You interrupt the sociality of the colony.' Hackett said. 'It's a combination of factors, a 'perfect storm' kind of situation.' But, he pointed out, some nonmigratory beekeepers are also experiencing the disorder."

The case of the missing bees, freenewmexican.com

So, there are many ideas, but no hard and fast answers as of yet.

Being utterly distrusting of any research that might conflict with the corporate interests of the world, as well as the Department of Defense, I can't say I'm personally convinced that simply because GMO foods and cell phone towers are not a "top priority," that they are not behind this. I don't know that they are, but I promise you that GMO food is a bad, bad idea. In one way or another we will continue to learn this...the hard way. I also think that the mass production and distribution of everything from food to clothes to computer parts—ideas that at the root are based on greed and a desire for less effort and more gain, as I see it—are bad ideas that continue to manifest negative results time and time again.

I try to imagine hearing widespread reports that GMO crops are behind this, or cell phones, and I can't do it. I cannot imagine this even if it were true. Because the cost to Monsanto (GMO) and AT&T would be phenomenal. And we know that the last thing corporations do is give up money. They only do it if they have NO other option. They certainly do not get a whiff of harm being done to the public because of their profits, and happily concede to give them up. No, even if one of these agents (or both) were behind CCD, they would chase every alternative angle possible.

I can also see why we would prefer to think of CCD as being caused by funguses, parasites, mites, or viruses. These things lend themselves to using further methods that section off the "bad," control, clamp down, kill, or stomp. This is our preferred shape of change in the "Western" world.

Yet, I have to admit that these are not all corporate-controlled PhDs, from what my cursory reading reveals. Some are inarguably nothing more than scientists looking for the truth. So it is quite possible that my suspicion is unwarranted. Yet, I'll retain a bit anyway, thanks.

And continue to keep an ear out for those killer bees.

digg | | delish

Comentarios (18)


anon dijo:

GRVTR

Oy. You could have done a wee bit of research in current news. CCD likely is caused by a virus spreading through many parts of the world. What mutated the virus is unknown, but it could just be natural. Or other stressors could make the bees more vulnerable. But never fear, there will soon be another fumigant to buy that will save everything. sigh.


nezua limón xolagrafik-jonez dijo:

GRVTR

and you could have begun your statement in such a way that didn't make you sound like a condescending schmuck. but hey, nobody's perfect.


~KL~ dijo:

GRVTR

Interesting article. If anything I would have to surmise that possibly the biggest culprit might be the changing in the Earths temp. Seems as if the smallest of things are impacted the most.

I've also heard, that it's also a ploy due to falling sales in honey..especially in the U.S., there seems to be a correlation between the low carb craze and the fall in sales of honey. I can't exactly pinpoint where I read it though.

But considering this is a worldwide phenomena I'd have to say it's more environmental.


Jena dijo:

GRVTR

I just saw a commercial for some pest control company offering to kill more bees. Pendejos!

Here is a bee anecdote. here in S. TX the summer sun is now so hot flowers collapse in the mid day and reopen at dusk.for the past couple years I have noticed bees, which are diurnal (day cyclers) buzzing around after dark. I have named these the Texas Night Bees. my point is only that bees are intelligent creatures that will adapt if possible. But even if they do, it cannot be agribusiness as usual. Food has been genetically modified since the beginning of agriculture, but you can't program poison into a special crop at the expense of the rest of the chain. Pendejos!


Pat Logan dijo:

GRVTR

There were some articles I read speculating that the Bt toxin made the bees immunosuppressed. Personally, I'm betting on the pesticides and herbicides. Spraying chemicals on flowers to kill plants and bugs can't be good for the bees, who take the poisoned pollen and concentrate it to make honey.


RickB dijo:

GRVTR

Yes the wider implications with the food change & ecosystem have been downplayed a bit, if it was cell phones would people give them up?
Maybe they need the bee expert from "The Swarm" played by Michael Caine, although he did like kill them all at the end, but he acted like he knew a lot.


Jennifer Cascadia dijo:

GRVTR

Climate change, I think. Compartmentalised thinking will probably struggle with this for a long time, too.


mikefromtexas dijo:

GRVTR

That elitest pyramid you mentioned is looking more like a ponzi scheme everyday.


bint alshamsa dijo:

GRVTR

Nez, I'm not going to pretend to be a bee expert but I have engaged in research on monoculture farming and genetically-modified organisms. This thing with the bees is likely a combination of issues. I hope you don't mind if I go into this a little bit here for you. (I don't want to be like anony-hole in the first comment.)

It's not really surprising that researchers have found N. ceranae in the affected hives. Organisms commonly share their environment with other species. Sometimes these relationships are parasitic as in this case but that doesn't mean N. ceranae is responsible for CCD. You have to consider the fact that "commercial bees" are being used. In the past, there was a lot more genetic variety in bees. Now they are using bees that man has tampered with and may be more susceptible to this particular parasitic infection or fungal infestation. Thus, when they are exposed to it, we see a widespread drop off of bees. If the nature selected bees were there instead, then some would likely die from these infections but perhaps not as many/all of them.

Then there's also the Africanized honey bees that are the product of human tampering, breeding different species of bees with each other. These bees are aggressively taking over the territory that used to be colonized by other honey bees. The Africanized bees produce honey but they are so aggressive that they simply can't be used in a commercial setting even though they produce more honey than the normally used commercial honey bees. You have to exterminate them. They are simply to dangerous for humans to coexist with. They're called "killer bees" for a good reason.

So yeah, you're going to see a lot more ads for bee exterminators because Africanized honey bees have worked their way up from South America, through Central America and are now all across the West Coast. The problem is, everything we do to rid ourselves of the Africanized bees also affects the regular honey bees.

But all of that is the simple stuff. We still don't know if CCD might be the result of the prevalance of monoculture farming. We may be inadvertently creating environments that are toxic to the bees. Instead of having a variety of food sources, they are being forced to live in environments where there is much less to choose from. The strain may indeed be too much for them as the article suggested.

But that's all just my tuppence!


nezua limón xolagrafik-jonez dijo:

GRVTR

bint i dont mind at all. and while i can only muse, clearly you have some experience in related areas, so i thank you for droppin it here.

interesting point on the "commercial bees" and "killer bees." wow. but am i surprised? not a bit. once again manipulating things to "pay off" more. like feeding cows other cows. greed. it always accomplishes such groovy things. and we always learn from it, don't we.

i do appreciate your tuppence, these insights. very fascinating. and still we wait, i guess. to see what's going on.

and killer bees! wow. it took about 28 years, but i guess they were right.


bint alshamsa dijo:

GRVTR

The killer bees really are going to be a big problem. Their migration rate is really astounding. They are a good example of why genetically modified crops are a bad idea. Nature does not like to be contained. Even if a farmer doesn't want to grow GMFs, they can't prevent their crops from becoming contaminated if other farmers are using them. Issues like that are causing all sorts of patent problems as well making it easier for corporations like Monsanto to force farmers to work with them, but that's a whole other topic, I guess.


Zaecus dijo:

GRVTR

The 'Blue Line', a line of blue bee traps for keeping track of killer bee progress runs about 5 miles from my house. Last report I heard, which I can't verify, indicated the killer bees had reached their northern limit in this area, after that, the winters get too cold for them.

I got this, as a possible indication of the future, from this site:

So, the West Coast, Southwest, Gulf Coast, and Southern regions of the USA will probably wind up with hybridized bee populations.

...Oh, and importing bees (the beekeepers around here prefer Hawaiian bees) isn't a long term solution because the killer bees are insanely territorial when it comes to other bees, too.

Over time, the hybridized populations will probably result in bee varieties that are hardier than commercial bees, produce more honey, slightly more aggressive, but still controllable. in other words, several thousand generations and a lot of dead people and screwed up ecology later, the reason this bee was bred in the first place may actually be achieved.

We hairless apes can be patient about warping a species in our own image at times. Just ask the dog.


Zaecus dijo:

GRVTR

Obviously, I messed up that blockquote. Here it is:

Control Level Diagnosis:

Diagnosing a control level depends on the environmental conditions. As Africanized bees expand into temperate areas, their tropical adaptations are less advantageous. Africanized Honey Bee populations in temperate regions would not successfully establish a domain and therefore, a "Minimal Priority" control level should be diagnosed. However, a "Medium Priority" control level for North America's southern semitropical area is recommended. For example, in Argentina, Africanized bees dominate in the northern semitropical regions, but European bees dominate in the southern temperate area; in-between, there are hybrid zones where bees have varying degrees of African or European traits. A similar pattern may occur in the United States, with African traits dominating in extreme southern regions.


Georhe Hernandez dijo:

GRVTR

Whether CCD turns out to be caused by GMO's or the new pesticides or Global Warming or all the millions of wireless devices, one thing is certain - we've messed with nature so much that it would be very difficult to believe that man is not responsible. Still, NO one is going to willingly give up their cell phones or wireless routers and NO company will willingly cut production of any product that makes money. Period! Those the hard and cold facts.


Simon Lebon dijo:

GRVTR

I read an article in the San Francisco Chronicle about this issue, related specifically to California, in which a professor from UC Davis believes that due to lack of rain in California, the bees didn't obtain their required mix of pollens; thus, they weren't fully healthy to handle possible others causes and have thus succommed to death. I think the larger issue at hand is the pollution of the environment by CO2, which is causing global warming, which in turn is causing less rain, and ultimately sub-issues like the death of the honeybees. I believe the answer to this honeybee crisis, and many other global problems, lies in resolving CO2 pollution.


Bill Robards dijo:

GRVTR

Gee, I wonder why Aryans like me are concerned about folks like you coming over the border? Could it be that you are blatantly hostile? If you are really motivated for justice why not go after it in Mexico? Is the US perfect? It is very far from perfection. In some ways we are almost as corrupt as Mexico. But, our people still retain most of their power. Aryan Bill


M dijo:

GRVTR
Gee, I wonder why Aryans like me

And this is where sane folk stop listening.


nezua limón xolagrafik-jonez Author Profile Page dijo:

GRVTR

Bill Robards, I did not come over the border. I was born here, ignorant non-reader of a blog you feel the right to comment on.

and who says i'm motivated for justice? i just love bees. and telling off fools like you. anyway...who the hell are "your people"? aryans? nazis? americans? bees? and more importantly...who cares?

ps. mexicans are not, in general, "blatantly hostile." that's just me. ta-ta!!

kick it, ése.

Remember Me?

(you may use HTML tags for style)